Dominant Position of a Company - 978 Words

According to the European competition case law, a dominant position is defined as â€Å"the power of a firm to behave to an appreciable extent independently of its competitors, customers and consumers†. It is obvious that a firm or several firms which hold a dominant position can determine price, the amount of production, supply and this is because these firms can act independently of their competitors and customers. As a result, dominant position can lead to the market power and in this situation a firm or several firms have an ability to individually make a big influence on the price and total quantity produced which could result to the market failure. But does this definition make an economic sense and how it should be interpreted in†¦show more content†¦Moreover, in order to determine the definition of dominant position in monopoly, at first we need to understand the basic aspects of it. Monopoly is a situation when a certain agent is the only one who supplies a p articular good, of course, it is obvious that this market has a lack of economic competition. In monopoly a company has a much bigger profit than it could expect in competitive market, because that only firm regulates all the prices and services for that certain good. As a result, it can raise the price and maximize its profit without worrying of losing its customers. So, the dominant position in monopoly is a market with a single agent which has a power to operate independently and has an ability to make a big influence on the prices and production. Finally, to do the same in oligopoly we also need to understand the basic aspects of it. Oligopoly is the market share of several firms which together make a big influence to the price or other outcomes of a certain market, however the difference between monopoly and oligopoly is that in oligopoly firms do not operate independently, because then they could lose some of their customers to their competitors. That is why several dominant firms always try to cooperate together and sometimes they even make some secret agreements in order to maximize their profits. So, the dominant position in oligopoly is the market share of several dominant firms who have an ability to make bigShow MoreRelatedCompetition Law, the Dominant Position Essay1273 Words   |  6 Pages102 TFEI which deals with situation of abuse of a dominant position in European Union competition law. 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In criminalization, laws are made to make certain bodies and acts criminal, and is a multi-step practice in which media representation helps shape popular views of criminal behavior and criminals. Examples are laws forbidding homosexuality and minimum sentencing for possession of drugs. A person can be criminalized for same-sex loving because it falls out of dominant heteronormativityRead More Anti-monopoly laws in Turkey, Greece, and Italy,and Their Enforcement1556 Words   |  7 Pageswords, having a monopoly or monopoly power. Also, there could be cartels, which are when companies will make agreements that ?abandon compet ition between themselves in order to increase their profit? (?Message of the President? 1). Both of these are dangerous for the economy because they not only harm competition for smaller businesses but also the consumer, who is forced to pay whatever prices the companies agree upon. These dangers for the economy create a need for the national governments to haveRead MoreJose Ignacio Lopez de Arriortua Case Essay1696 Words   |  7 PagesJose Ignacio Lopez de Arriortua Case General Motors is one of the worlds most dominant automakers from 1931. After 1980s economic recession the main goal for automobile companies was cost reduction. Customers became more price-sensitive. Also Japanese competitors came into market with the new effective system of production. So market was highly competitive and directed toward price reduction. The case states that in 1991 GM suffered $ 4.5 billion losses and most part of the costs of manufacturingRead MoreProduct Management Using Boston Matrix Tool With Product Life Cycle Management Essay808 Words   |  4 Pagesenvironmental pollution and wastage of resources. To over come this problem an Engineering Systems Development Company called Abuja Energy Surveillance (AES) Ltd has developed a new oil and gas pipeline monitoring system using drones and Geographic Information System. By using Boston Matrix the company has planned 10 year strategic market share plan that focuses on making the system a market dominant in energy security and environment pollution management for oil and gas industry sector in many countriesRead More The Microsoft Antitrust Story Essay1532 Words   |  7 PagesThe Microsoft Antitrust Story One of the most significant cases in the business world is the US vs. Microsoft. In this case the US asserts that the business practices used by Microsoft create an unfair and dominant market and make them into a powerful monopoly. On the other hand, Microsoft argues that it is being unfairly punished for its success. This case is important because it will greatly affect the economy, other large corporations, its competitors, consumers, and Microsoft’s stockholdersRead MoreCase Analysis : Prisoner s Dilemma 1190 Words   |  5 Pagesremaining silent. However, the outcome if both confess is harsher than had they both remained silent. The dilemma brings into forth the conflict between individual and group rationality. A group whose members pursue self-interests might end up at a bad position than a group whose members act against self-interests. A team whose members pursue any goals might end up earning less than if they have pursued individual goals. The theory is applicable in many fields, including economics. In economics, the simultaneousRead MoreEssay on Jose Ignacio Lopez De Arriortua Case1647 Words   |  7 PagesJose Ignacio Lopez de Arriortua Case General Motors is one of the worlds most dominant automakers from 1931. After 1980s economic recession the main goal for automobile companies was cost reduction. Customers became more price-sensitive. Also Japanese competitors came into market with the new effective system of production. So market was highly competitive and directed toward price reduction. The case states that in 1991 GM suffered $ 4.5 billion losses and most part of the costs of manufacturing

What Is the Right Supply Chain for Your Product Free Essays

The main problems in supply chain of many industries are the excess of some products and the shortage of others because of unpredictable demands for these products. In this paper, a framework that helps manager to understand the nature of demand for their product and manage their supply chain in line with their product requirements is suggested. The products are classified into two groups according to their demand patterns: Primarily functional products and primarily innovative products. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is the Right Supply Chain for Your Product? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Functional products are defined as the products that satisfy basic needs. The demand for that type of products is stable and predictable. They have a long life cycle. The competition in the market is fierce due to this stability in demand that results in low profit margins. On the other hand, innovative products are the ones that have clearly unpredictable demands. They may have very short life cycle because of the imitators. But luckily their profit margin is higher compared to the functional products. The supply chain management for the innovative products should clearly be different from the functional products. The managers should determine their product type and follow a supply strategy has a perfect match with their product type. Otherwise, some problems arise from the mismatch between the type of product and the type of supply chain. The author classifies the functions of supply chain into two groups: physical function and market media function. Physical functions include converting raw material into parts, components and finished good, and also transporting the product. The cost in physical function of supply chain arises from the production, transportation and inventory storage. The market media function, on the other hand, is mostly related to ensuring that variety of products reaching the market place matches what customer want to buy. The cost in marker media function arises when supply exceeds demand or supply falls shortage. Since the demand for the innovative products is uncertain, the market domination cost for innovative products are dominant. According to their type of product, managers should follow a supply chain strategy that is physically efficient or market responsive. The best matches between supply chain strategy and the product type are efficient supply chain for the functional products and responsive supply chain for the innovative products. In efficient supply for functional products, there are two models introduced: comparative and cooperative models. In the competitive model of supply chain relations, the retailer and the manufacturer compete through price negations for a bigger profit pie. In cooperative model, the retailer and the manufacturer corporate to cut cost throughout the chain therefore the size of the pie is increased for both of them. One alternative can be using competitive and the cooperative models at the same time. But, in this situation the information sharing between the retailer and the manufacturer seems problematic. In responsive supply for innovative products, the first thing to do is to reduce the uncertainty. There are three coordinated strategies are suggested in order to reduce, avoid and hedge uncertainty. The first one is to find sources of new data that can serve as leading indicators and also to have different product share common components as much as possible so that the demand for components becomes more predictable. The second one is to avoid uncertainty by cutting lead times and increasing the supply chain’s flexibility. Lastly, once uncertainty is reduced, it can hedge against the remaining residual uncertainty with buffers of inventory or excess capacity. How to cite What Is the Right Supply Chain for Your Product?, Papers

Process of Machine Learning and Cognitive Science

Question: Discuss about the Process of Machine Learning and Cognitive Science. Answer: Introduction: This research proposal is considering about the process of understanding the utilization of machine learning and cognitive science in understanding autism. Autism is a critical disease that is combination of serious range of conditions characterized by challenges associated with social skills and behaviors (Crippa et al., 2015). Therefore, the main problem associated with the research topic is that the autism diseases are impacting on physical strengths and behaviors of human. Cognitive science and machine learning is considered as effective tools for understanding the disease. Autism is one psychological and behavioral disorder of human that causes abnormal behaviors among human. In addition to this, following are the causes of this disease: Impact of genes: This disease mainly comes through inheriting the properties of ancestral. The behavioral changes are incorporated among human that causes autism (Gabrieli, Ghosh Whitfield-Gabrieli, 2015). Environmental triggers: Environmental changes are also acts as triggers among autism patients. Pregnancy, addiction to alcohol etc causes environmental changes among human. Health conditions: Critical health conditions are also causes autism disease among human due to unexpected changes incorporated within habits of human (Maximo, Cadena Kana, 2014). Extent and Severity of Problem The extent and severity of the disease autism is nothing but the measure of the quantitative variation in autistic Symptomatology in affected families (Plitt et al., 2015). According to numerous studies and researches has highlighted the aggregation of autistic syndromes among victims or patients it is found that 20% of the patients face this disease for genetic purposes and rest of 10% patients face impacts due to their family members due to different consequences involved within their family due to difficulties faced by the patients. According to Mwangi, Tian Soares (2014), various environmental factors and facts also make the disease influenced and the patients face difficulties. Therefore these issues have great impact not only on the patients but also this provide impact on their family members as well as to the society. Justification for Research The diversified impacts and influences are considered as the main base of conducting this research process. In addition to this, this research process helps in solving various aspects as well as helping in understanding the causes of autism disease. In contrast with these facts, the study of cognitive science and machine learning helps in understanding the impacts of autism among people as well as on their family. This research is aiming at the facts and probabilities that are being highlighted by the quantitative and qualitative research on this topic. These quantitative and qualitative research findings will be helpful in clarifying the need for the research process with respect to various critical aspects and syndromes of the disease. This research proposal is considering about the use of cognitive science and machine learning process that helps in understanding the reason and impact of autism. In contrast with these facts, the disease is mainly transferred due among different generations through genes (Tager?Flusberg Kasari, 2013). The cognitive science helps in understanding the behavioral disorders and their impacts as well as causes. Besides this, the machine learning standards are helpful in understanding the spectrums that are highlighted among patients due to the identification of syndromes from autism (Plitt et al., 2015). There are various impactful situations such as behavioral disorders that not only impact on the patients but also impact on their family, these needs to be analyzed with respect to this research process. Research Aims This research is concerned about the process of understanding the cause of autism with respect to cognitive science and machine learning. Therefore, some objectives need to be identified for managing this research to complete it with success. Following are the concerned research objectives involved within this research process: To understand the accurate cause of autism To understand autism with respect to cognitive science and machine learning To understand the impact and importance of cognitive science and machine learning process Methodology Methodology is nothing but the process of managing the processes involved within any concerned research. There are various kinds of research methodology incorporated within any significant research process. In contrast with these facts, the impact of machine learning and cognitive science can be easily analyzed with the help of qualitative as well as quantitative study of responses from various resources. The quantitative study involved within this research process collects data from the surveys and response collections from individuals those are real life witnesses of autism and its impacts on human (Van de Cruys et al., 2014). The quantitative methodology provides the probability of victims those are facing consequences of this disease. These probabilities help the researcher in measuring the impact and extent of the concerned problem. In contrary with these facts, the qualitative study of responses is also very important for understanding the actual impact of autism upon human. The quantitative study of responses provides probability of impact of these diseases but the qualitative studies of responses provide the previous measures and real life case that can be helpful in finding the solutions of this disease (Vivanti, Dawson Rogers, 2017). Therefore, the methodology in this research of understanding the importance of cognitive science and machine learning on autism is mixed approach. Expected Outcomes The outcome of this research is concerned with the process of importance of machine learning and cognitive science. The machine learning has immense potential to enhance diagnostics and intervention research within the behavioral science. This research will provide effective identification of highly prevalent and heterogeneous syndrome of autism spectrum disorder. Cross disciplinary actions and methodologies used for managing the syndromes involved within this disease. Apart from the usages of machine learning, cognitive science is also helpful in understanding the causes and impact of autism. Neuropsychological theories are also known as cognitive theories and this is one traditional attempt of unifying as well as understanding the behavioral disorders among autism patients. Therefore, cognitive theories will provides support in understanding the diverse behavioral manifestations involved within human brain that causes various psychological disorders. References Crippa, A., Salvatore, C., Perego, P., Forti, S., Nobile, M., Molteni, M., Castiglioni, I. (2015). Use of machine learning to identify children with autism and their motor abnormalities.Journal of autism and developmental disorders,45(7), 2146-2156. Gabrieli, J. D., Ghosh, S. S., Whitfield-Gabrieli, S. (2015). Prediction as a humanitarian and pragmatic contribution from human cognitive neuroscience.Neuron,85(1), 11-26. Maximo, J. O., Cadena, E. J., Kana, R. K. (2014). The implications of brain connectivity in the neuropsychology of autism.Neuropsychology review,24(1), 16-31. Mwangi, B., Tian, T. S., Soares, J. C. (2014). A review of feature reduction techniques in neuroimaging.Neuroinformatics,12(2), 229-244. Plitt, M., Barnes, K. A., Wallace, G. L., Kenworthy, L., Martin, A. (2015). Resting-state functional connectivity predicts longitudinal change in autistic traits and adaptive functioning in autism.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,112(48), E6699-E6706. Tager?Flusberg, H., Kasari, C. (2013). Minimally verbal school?aged children with autism spectrum disorder: the neglected end of the spectrum.Autism Research,6(6), 468-478. Van de Cruys, S., Evers, K., Van der Hallen, R., Van Eylen, L., Boets, B., de-Wit, L., Wagemans, J. (2014). Precise minds in uncertain worlds: predictive coding in autism.Psychological review,121(4), 649. Vivanti, G., Dawson, G., Rogers, S. J. (2017). Early Learning in Autism. InImplementing the Group-Based Early Start Denver Model for Preschoolers with Autism(pp. 1-12). Springer International Publishing.